![]() ( November 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭontemporary literature about the salons is dominated by idealistic notions of politeness, civility and honesty, though whether they lived up to these standards is a matter of debate. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. ![]() This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Conversation, content and the form of the salon In 2018, Barnard College professor Caroline Weber’s book “Proust's Duchess: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siècle Paris” was shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize was the first in-depth study of the three Parisian salon hostesses Proust used to create his supreme fictional character, the Duchesse de Guermantes. She bought a home with an old Masonic temple in the backyard which she dubbed Temple d’Amitié, the Temple of Friendship, for private meetings with attendees of her salons. Like Stein, she was also an author and American ex-pat living in Paris at the time, hosting literary salons that were attended by Ernest Hemingway and F. Her contemporary Natalie Clifford Barney’s handmade dinner place setting is on display at The Brooklyn Museum. In the 1920s, Gertrude Stein's Saturday evening salons (described in Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast and depicted fictionally in Woody Allen's Midnight in Paris) gained notoriety for including Pablo Picasso and other twentieth-century luminaries like Alice B. Steven Kale is relatively alone in his recent attempts to extend the period of the salon up until Revolution of 1848: Ī whole world of social arrangements and attitude supported the existence of French salons: an idle aristocracy, an ambitious middle class, an active intellectual life, the social density of a major urban center, sociable traditions, and a certain aristocratic feminism. Goodman is typical in ending her study at the French Revolution where, she writes: 'the literary public sphere was transformed into the political public'. Most studies stretch from the early 16th century up until around the end of the 18th century. ![]() Major historiographical debates focus on the relationship between the salons and the public sphere, as well as the role of women within the salons.īreaking down the salons into historical periods is complicated due to the various historiographical debates that surround them. Each of these methodologies focuses on different aspects of the salon, and thus have varying analyses of its importance in terms of French history and the Enlightenment as a whole. The salon has been studied in depth by a mixture of feminist, Marxist, cultural, social, and intellectual historians. The history of the salon is far from straightforward. She established the rules of etiquette of the salon which resembled the earlier codes of Italian chivalry. The first renowned salon in France was the Hôtel de Rambouillet not far from the Palais du Louvre in Paris, which its hostess, Roman-born Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet (1588–1665), ran from 1607 until her death. ![]() Ruelle, literally meaning "narrow street" or "lane", designates the space between a bed and the wall in a bedroom it was used commonly to designate the gatherings of the " précieuses", the intellectual and literary circles that formed around women in the first half of the 17th century. This practice may be contrasted with the greater formalities of Louis XIV's petit lever, where all stood. Before the end of the 17th century, these gatherings were frequently held in the bedroom (treated as a more private form of drawing room): a lady, reclining on her bed, would receive close friends who would sit on chairs or stools drawn around. Literary gatherings before this were often referred to by using the name of the room in which they occurred, like cabinet, réduit, ruelle, and alcôve. The word salon first appeared in France in 1664 (from the Italian salone, the large reception hall of Italian mansions salone is actually the augmentative form of sala, room). Salons were an important place for the exchange of ideas. In 16th-century Italy, some brilliant circles formed in the smaller courts which resembled salons, often galvanized by the presence of a beautiful and educated patroness such as Berta Zuckerkandl, Isabella d'Este or Elisabetta Gonzaga. The salon continued to flourish in Italy throughout the 19th century. The salon was an Italian invention of the 16th century, which flourished in France throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. 4 Salonnières and their salons: the role of women.3.2 Debates surrounding women and the salon.3 Conversation, content and the form of the salon.
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